Finish experiments 3.2 and 3.3 in Lab book. Carefully complete drawings.
Take Module 3 Test
Begin reading Module 4 pages 97-109
Class Challenge: Who can do the most Sit-ups in one minute
Quiz: Dinoflagellages vs. Diatom (see below and also in your textbook)
Members of phylum Pyrrophyta are often referred to as DINOFLAGLETTES. They have two FLAGELLA. One species in this phylum, Gymnodinium brevis, have blooms that are called RED TIDE. Red tide is an algae bloom of dinoflagellates, which belong to phylum Pyrrophyta. What are the large deposits of diatoms called? Diatomaceous earth List two uses of these deposits? Abrasives and filters
Have a good week! – Mrs. S
“The earth is the Lord’s, and everything in it, the world, and all who live it it; for He founded it upon the seas and established it upon the waters.” -Psalm 24: 1-2
We have had a very full and comprehensive Biology class this past year. It is my hope that the class’s foundations will enable you to continued in your science education next year, either in high school or college, with a greater confidence and understanding to succeed.
Each team did well and both were faced with challenging questions (as well as a few easy ones), in the Final Jeopardy challenge between Team Taco and Team Dab. However, Team Taco as our class winner.
Thank you to those who brought Cinco de Mayo treats to share with the class on our last day!
Note to Parents: Final grade recommendations were given to students on the last day of class. If you should have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.
I have really enjoyed our class this year and I will miss our group. We have gotten to know each other better and have become friends. The class challenges each week has helped! Many of you will be travelling this summer, going on mission trips and also graduating high school and moving on to college and careers. You will remain in my prayers.
Have a wonderful summer! -Mrs. S
“..because that which is known about God is evident within them; for God made it evident to them. For since the creation of the world, His invisible attributes, His eternal power and divine nature have been clearly seen, being understood through what has been made, so that they are without excuse..” – Romans 1: 19-20
May 5th will be our last class for this year. In class we will have a Biology competition for the first hour and then celebrate with a “Cinco de Mayo” party. Bring something to share! I will also be handing out final grade recommendations that day for your parents to prepare your final grade for Biology.
Our class challenge was to bring in our baby pictures. We attempted to guess who belonged to each of the pictures. We had so many cute little “mammals” ! How many did you get right!?!
Mammals
The following characteristics separate mammals from the other vertebrates:
Hair covering the skin;
Reproduce with internal fertilization and usually viviparous;
Nourish their young with milk secreted from specialized glands;
Four-chambered heart;
Endothermic.
The 13 Classes of mammals are:
Order Monotremata : Egg-laying mammals
Order Marsupialia
Order Chiroptera : Flying Mammals
Order Carnivora: The meat eaters
Orders Sirenia and Cetacea: Aquatic Mammals
Order Proboscidea: Elephants
Orders Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla: Hoofed
Order Rodentia
Order Lagomorpha: Rabbits
Order Edentata (Xenarthra): anteaters, tree sloths, and armadillos
Order Tubulidentata: Aardvark
Order Insectivora: hedgehogs, moles, and shrews
Order Primates:
Our next quiz will be the 5 characteristics of Mammals; 13 Orders of Mammals and the mammalian eye.
Our class will meet for two more times. Our next class will have one more dissection lab, so bring your dissection lab kit. Our last class (May 5) will be a fun and a challenging competition that will hopefully be a review of our entire year. I have included several helps below that may help you recall some of the things we covered over this past year in Biology.
Here is the AP Biology Review:
Here is the second part of the AP Biology Review
Homework:
Finish reading and answering OYO and Study Guide Questions for Module 16
Take Module 16 Test
Finish up Experiment 16.C: Characteristics of mammals. Complete lab and diagrams.
Bring Dissection kit for our next class
Quiz: The 13 Orders of Mammals: The five characteristics of mammals; diagram of a bat; diagram of the mammalian eye.
Class Challenge pet owners: Everyone is a winner when you love an animal!
Birds possess the following Characteristics:
Endothermic
Heart with four chambers
Toothless bill
Oviparous, laying an amniotic egg that is covered in a lime-containing shell
Covered with feathers
Skeleton composed of porous, lightweight bones (not a characteristic for all birds)
The ability to fly is not on the list. There are a group a birds labeled, “Flightless birds.”
Complete Experiment 16.1 Chicken Embryo Development by reviewing the lab in your textbook and the following video. Set up you lab:
Objective: To identify the stages of bird embryology by studying the chick embryo.
Day Developmental stages
1 Tissue development starts
2 Heart forms and begins to beat
3 Blood vessels develop
4 ………Continue your documentation of each days development…..
The three most important characteristics of birds to make it possible for them to fly:
Feathers
Wings
Skeletal Structure
We examined feathers under the microscope. Notice that the feather has two basic parts:
Shaft: Divided into two sections:
A. Quill: Bare portion of the shaft that connects to the follicle.
B. Rachis: Holds the vane
2. Vane: composed of:
A. Parallel barbs that originate on the rachis and extend outward. (see diagram)
B. Barbs have two types of Barbules; one is smooth and one has hooks.
Experiment 16.B: Structure of Bird Feathers [See Figure 16.4] Objective: Examination of Bird Feathers Complete the diagram of a bird feather and label all of the parts.
Experiment 16.A: Identifying the 7 Groups of Birds Complete your lab. Next week’s quiz will cover this lab.
Homework:
Read Module 16 pages 518 – 526;
OYO questions: 16.20 – 16.25
Complete Study Guide for Module 16
Complete Labs: Experiments 16.1: Embryo Development, 16.A: identifying 7 groups of Birds and 16.B: Structure of Bird Feathers
Quiz: Birds: 7 groups of birds with descriptions.
Class challenge: Best Baby Picture (of yourself before 1 year)
Congratulations to our class challenge winner Sam! Sam won the arm wrestling championship and defeated his opponents one by one . (I know who to call when I need to move some furniture!)
Sam, The Champ
Next week’s class challenge: Bring a picture of your pet.
Class Reptilia contains turtles, snakes, lizards, alligators and crocodiles. They have several characteristics in common:
Covered with tough, dry scales;
Ectothermic;
Breathe with lungs throughout their lives;
Three-chambered heart with a ventricle that is partially divided, and;
Produce amniotic eggs covered with a leathery shell, most oviparous, some ovoviviparous.
We only have 4 more classes for the year. Our last class will be May 5. At our next class, April 14, 2016, is the final Notebook check through Module 15.
Thank you to Josh, Sierra and Morgan for participating in the singing class challenge. Our winner was Josh who performed his original song with guitar. Unfortunately, the photo was all blurry. 😦 Next weeks challenge: Arm wrestling.
Kingdom Plantae
Physiology is the study of the life processes in an organism. We have discussed photosynthesis, how water and nutrients are absorbed through their root system and send them to various parts of the plant. As we continue to study plants, we will learn how a plant functions beyond the basis of, “water, soil and sunlight.”
Water is used for Four Processes:
Photosynthesis (Module 5)
Turgor pressure (Module 6)
Hydrolysis (Module 6)
Transport (Module 6)
Experiment 15.1: Flower Anatomy
Object: To observe various types of flowers and compare their differences and similarities. (complete diagrams and labeling in your lab book.)
We know that most leaves are green because they contain chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a “pigment”, but its real job is to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis. Plants cells also contain plastids. They hold pigments as well that contain starches and oils. Remember earlier this year we learned about pH and acid and bases. Depending on the pH of the leaf tissue, will yield different colors.
In class we viewed a virtual lab for Experiment 14.2. Complete your lab book for the experiment.
Roots perform three very important functions:
Roots absorb water and nutrients from the plant’s surroundings and transport them to where they are need.
Roots anchor the plant.
Roots are often used as a place for food storage. (Carrots)
Most roots grow under the ground, however we see epiphytic roots of orchids that wind around a branch. Some plants have roots that grow under ground and also send out aerial roots that allow it to cling to branches that it winds around. Parasitic plants sink their roots into a host plant. These roots steal the nutrients that the host has absorbed. (mistletoe) Other plants, have roots that hold them to rough surfaces like brick walls or rough tree bark. (Ivy). There are 2 kinds of of root systems in plants: Fibrous root system and Taproot root system. When a seed begins to sprout, the first root you see is a primary root. If the primary root continues to grow and stays the main root, the plant has a taproot system. The carrot is the primary root, and it continues to grow as the plants main root. The primary root begins branching and branching until the root system looks like an underground “bush”.
The 4 parts of a plant root:
Root cap: Dead, thick walled cells. It protects the root as it shoves its way down into the soil.
Meristematic Region: undifferentiated cells carry on mitosis. Most of the growth takes place.
Elongation Region: cells are beginning to differentiate into specific kinds of cells. They stretch out filling their central vacuoles with water.
Maturation Region: Cells are fully differentiated. Root hairs are contained here allowing it to absorb more water and nutrients from the soil.
Complete Experiment 14.3 : Cross Sections of Roots, Stems, and a leaf. Use PowerPoint for diagrams in lab book.
Twins day Class challenge Winners Sierra and Stephen !
In our last class we began our study of Kingdom Plantae.
Stems & Vascular Tissue
The stems and vascular tissue of plants serve several vital functions. Stems provide support for leaves, helping to keep the leaves in light, as well as support for flowers and fruits. Stems also produce new living tissue allowing plants to grow and reproduce. The vascular tissue within stems forms the plant’s system for moving water, minerals, nutrients and the products of photosynthesis throughout the plant, much like the human vascular system. Lastly, stems can store nutrients and water for later use. A minor function of stems is to produce carbohydrates via photosynthesis. However, photosynthesis in stems is usually not significant compared to leaves. There are some exceptions; for example, in some plants, such as cacti, photosynthetic processes within stems account for most of the plant’s carbon fixation.
A stem is a collection of plant tissues that are joined together and arranged as nodes and internodes. Nodes are locations where leaves attach to stems, and internodes are the leafless parts of stems that occur between nodes. New growth occurs at the nodes; nodes hold buds which grow into one or more leaves, inflorescences (flowers), cones or other stems. The internodes act as spaces that distance one node from another.
The stem is one of the two main structural axes of the vascular plant. (The other main structural axis of plants are the roots.) In most plants, stems are located above the soil surface, but some plants have underground stems. Rhizomes, tubers and bulbsare all examples of underground stems.
When we look at the structure of a stem, we can see the stem’s function reflected in it. The stem’s internal structure has both conducting and supporting tissues. While the tissues are basically the same in all of the plant’s parts, how the tissues are arranged in the stems (and the roots) are what differentiate the stem from other plant parts.
Dermal tissue or the epidermis is a single layer of closely packed cells. It both covers and protects the plant. It can be considered as the plant’s “skin.” In plants that undergo secondary growth, the epidermis is replaced by periderm, also called bark. The periderm protects the plant from pathogens, prevents excessive water loss and provides insulation.
Vascular tissue, which transports materials essential for plant survival between the roots and shoots, can be divided into two types: xylem and phloem. The xylem is the innermost ring of the vascular tissue. Xylem functions to transport water and minerals from the roots to the shoots. In contrast, the phloem surrounds the xylem and transfers food produced from leaves back down to the roots. The ground tissue which forms the bulk of the plant has many functions including photosynthesis, storage, and support.
The following is a cross section of the cells of a typical leaf.
In class we watched these two video to further explain plant anatomy and plant nutrition and transport.
Here is a good link to help complete the lab we did in class on leaf classification: http://texastreeid.tamu.edu/content/howToID/#form
Homework:
Read Module 14 Pages 442-458;
Answer OYO questions 14.1 – 14.10;
Answer Study Guide questions a-k and 2-11;
Finish lab on leaf Classification;
Quiz: Know parts of the leaf: Figure 14.1; Figure 14.3 – 14.6 (also see PowerPoint)
Thank you to all who participate in, “Two Truths and a Lie” Class Challenge. Dax is our winner. (Did I get that right?)
s our winner!
In our class we focused on the heart and circulation of the blood. The following video is a 3D examination of the heart.
In the following video, Mr. Anderson gives a very good explanation of circulation of blood in insects, fish as well as mammals.
The following is the dissection video that we used to dissect the sheep’s heart in today’s class. As you go through the video, complete your lab book for the sheep’s heart dissection. Include a diagram of the external and internal anatomy of the heart labeling all of the parts as show in the video.
Refer to the March 3, 2016 PowerPoint for further diagrams.
Homework
Take Module 13 Test;
Read Module 14 pages 429-442;
Finish Module 13 OYO and Study Guide;
March 10: Notebook check through Module 13;
Quiz: Heart Anatomy- diagram; the circulation of blood through the heart.
Our class challenge was to bring in our baby pictures. We attempted to guess who belonged to each of the pictures. We had so many cute little “mammals” ! How many did you get right!?!
Honors Biology 